The Influence of Learning Motivation and Learning Environment on Student Engagement with Self-Efficacy as Mediator

Abstract

This study examines the effects of learning motivation and the learning environment on student engagement, with self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable, among students at State Vocational High School 2 Pariaman. Employing a quantitative approach with a causal research design, the study involved a population of 741 students enrolled in Grades X and XI. A sample of 170 students was selected to participate in the research. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method through SmartPLS version 4.1.1.8. The findings indicate that both learning motivation and the learning environment each exert a positive and statistically significant effects on student engagement. Likewise, these two variables significantly enhance students' self-efficacy. In addition, self-efficacy demonstrated a positive and significant effect on student engagement. The mediation analysis further confirmed that self-efficacy significantly mediates the relationships between learning motivation and student engagement, as well as the relationships between the learning environment and student engagement. Overall, these findings highlight that improving students' learning motivation, creating a supportive learning environment, and strengthening self-efficacy are key factors in fostering greater student engagement in the learning process.